1. 更换国内源

首先要查看ubuntu版本代号

$ lsb_release -c
Codename: bionic

然后修改文件

/* 新系统没有vim 先凑合一下 */
$ sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

修改内容为：

# 要注意 bionic 字段要和 ubuntu 版本代号匹配
# 阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

执行

# 更新软件列表
$ sudo apt-get update
# 更新软件
$ sudo apt-get upgrade

2. 安装常用软件

# vim
$ sudo apt-get install vim
$ sudo apt-get install cscope
$ sudo apt-get install ctags
# git
$ sudo apt-get install git

3. 安装常用开发环境

# Kernel
$ sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
$ sudo apt-get install libncursesw5-dev
$ sudo apt-get install ncurses-dev
$ sudo apt-get install bison
$ sudo apt-get install flex
# C/C++
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential
$ sudo apt-get install cmake  
# ssl
$ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
$ sudo apt-get install openssl
# arm
$ sudo apt-get install qemu
# arm-gcc
$ sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi
$ sudo apt-get install gcc-5-arm-linux-gnueabi
# update-alternatives 选择 gcc 版本
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc  arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc  /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc-5 5
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc  arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc  /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc-7 7
$ sudo update-alternatives --config arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
# python
$ sudo apt-get install python-dev
$ sudo apt-get install python3-dev
# gdb-multiarch
$ sudo apt-get install gdb-multiarch